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The Lost Books of the Bible

The Book of Mormon makes the claim that many "plain and precious truths would be lost from the bible"(1 Nephi 13:34). There are 18 books mentioned within the Bible texts that aren't found anywhere in our current Old or New Testament canon. There are also prophecies mentioned in the New Testament (e.g. Christ being born a Nazarene), that are never mentioned in the Old Testament. This gives the claim that truths had been lost increased validity.
This is also evident in the historical record. For example, Justin Martyr, an early Christian writer accused the Jews of having removed a passage from Jeremiah about the descent and preaching [regarding doctrines of Salvation for the Dead, and Christ's ministry to the dead] to weaken the scriptural support for Christianity. Jews viewed Christianity as a cult and didn't want their scriptures used to give it validity.

"Here Trypho remarked, "We ask you first of all to tell us some of the Scriptures which you allege have been completely canceled." [Justin quotes some passages which the Jews evidently removed from Esdras and Jeremiah.]" (Justin Martyr, Dialogue with Trypho 71-72, in ANF 1:234-235.)

The Old and New Testaments of the Bible were put together by a group of scholars, theologians, philosophers and politicians who debated and voted on which books, writings and letters should or shouldn't be included. Books that received a majority vote by the counsel were compiled and canonized as part of the volume of scripture. The rest of the stories and writings were discarded. These records are sometimes referred to as the lost books. The following is a list of some "known" lost books. These are books that are specifically referred to in Biblical verses.

Book of the Wars of the Lord (Numbers 21:14)
Book of Jasher (Joshua 10:13; 2 Samuel 1:18)
Book of the Acts of Solomon (1 Kings 11:41)
Book of Samuel the Seer (1 Chronicles 29:29)
Book of Gad the Seer ( 1 Chronicles 29:29)
Book of Nathan the Prophet (1 Chronicles 29:29; 2 Chronicles 9:29)
Prophecy of Ahija (2 Chronicles 9:29)
Visions if Iddo the Seer (2 Chronicles 9:29; 12:15; 13:22)
Book of Shemaiah the Prophet (2 Chronicles 12:15)
Book of Jehu (2 Chronicles 20:34)
Sayings of the Seers (2 Chronicles 33:19)
An Epistle of Paul to the Corinthians that precedes our current 1st Corinthians (1 Corinthians 5:9)
An earlier Epistle to the Ephesians (Ephesians 3:3)
An Epistle to the Church at Laodicea (Colossians 4:16)
Prophecies of Enoch (Jude 1:14)
Book of the Covenant (Exodus 24:7)
The manner of the Kingdom, written by Samuel (1 Samuel 10:25)
The Acts of Uzziah, written by Isaiah (2 Chronicles 26:22)

To read more about this and other early Christian writings, Go Here